IoT Lock: Raspberry Pi 5 with Flutter App Tutorial

Overview: In this tutorial, you’ll learn how to transform your Raspberry Pi 5 into a functional IoT lock controlled via a Flutter app. We will cover hardware setup, programming the Raspberry Pi, and Flutter app development. By following this step-by-step guide, you’ll create a fully operational IoT lock system.

Part 1: Hardware Setup and Raspberry Pi Programming

Hardware Required:

• Raspberry Pi 5 (with Raspbian OS installed)
• Solenoid lock or motorized lock
• NPN transistor (e.g., 2N2222)
• Diode (e.g., 1N4007 for EMF protection)
• Power supply appropriate for the lock
• Jumper wires and breadboard
• 1kΩ resistor
• (Optional) Pull-down resistor

Raspberry Pi Circuit Setup:

1. Connect the Solenoid Lock:
   • Connect the solenoid lock’s positive wire to the power supply’s positive terminal.
   • Connect the solenoid lock’s negative wire to the collector of the NPN transistor.
2. Transistor Connections:
   • Connect the emitter of the NPN transistor to the ground of the power supply.
   • Connect the base of the NPN transistor to a GPIO pin on the Raspberry Pi (e.g., GPIO 23) through a 1kΩ resistor.
3. Diode Placement:
   • Place the diode across the solenoid’s terminals, with the cathode connected to the positive side.
4. Optional:
   • Add a pull-down resistor between the GPIO pin and ground to prevent unintended triggering of the transistor due to floating states.

Raspberry Pi Code:

1. Install Necessary Libraries:
   • Ensure your Raspberry Pi is up-to-date and install the necessary libraries:
   bashCopy codesudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install python3-pip pip3 install paho-mqtt RPi.GPIO
2. Programming the Raspberry Pi:
   • Connect to WiFi.
   • Connect to an MQTT broker.
   • Subscribe to a topic for receiving lock commands (e.g., lock/control).
   • Use a GPIO pin to control the lock.

pythonCopy codeimport paho.mqtt.client as mqtt
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time

# GPIO setup
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setup(23, GPIO.OUT)  # GPIO pin 23

# MQTT setup
broker = "broker.hivemq.com"
port = 1883
topic = "lock/control"

def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc):
    client.subscribe(topic)

def on_message(client, userdata, msg):
    message = msg.payload.decode()
    if message == "LOCK":
        GPIO.output(23, GPIO.HIGH)  # Lock the lock
    elif message == "UNLOCK":
        GPIO.output(23, GPIO.LOW)  # Unlock the lock

client = mqtt.Client()
client.on_connect = on_connect
client.on_message = on_message

client.connect(broker, port, 60)

try:
    client.loop_forever()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    GPIO.cleanup()

3. Running the Script:
   • Save the script as iot_lock.py and run it on your Raspberry Pi:
   bashCopy codepython3 iot_lock.py

Part 2: Flutter App Development

Flutter App Setup:

1. Install Flutter SDK:
   • Ensure Flutter SDK is installed on your development machine.
2. Create a New Project:
   • Create a new Flutter project using your preferred IDE or the command line.
3. Add MQTT Client Package:
   • Open pubspec.yaml and add mqtt_client and optionally flutter_bloc for state management.

yamlCopy codedependencies:
  flutter:
    sdk: flutter
  mqtt_client: ^9.0.0
  flutter_bloc: ^7.0.0

Flutter MQTT Service:

1. Create a Service for MQTT:
   • This service will manage the MQTT connection, subscription, and message publishing.

dartCopy codeimport 'package:mqtt_client/mqtt_client.dart' as mqtt;

class MQTTService {
  late mqtt.MqttClient client;
  late mqtt.MqttConnectionState connectionState;

  void connect() async {
    client = mqtt.MqttClient('broker.hivemq.com', '');
    client.port = 1883;
    client.keepAlivePeriod = 60;

    try {
      await client.connect();
    } catch (e) {
      print('Exception: $e');
      client.disconnect();
    }

    client.updates!.listen((List<mqtt.MqttReceivedMessage<mqtt.MqttMessage>> c) {
      final mqtt.MqttPublishMessage message = c[0].payload as mqtt.MqttPublishMessage;
      final payload = mqtt.MqttPublishPayload.bytesToStringAsString(message.payload.message);

      print('Received message:$payload from topic: ${c[0].topic}>');
    });
  }

  void publish(String topic, String message) {
    final builder = mqtt.MqttClientPayloadBuilder();
    builder.addString(message);
    client.publishMessage(topic, mqtt.MqttQos.exactlyOnce, builder.payload!);
  }
}

Flutter UI for Lock Control:

1. Build a Simple UI:
   • Create a UI with buttons to send “LOCK” and “UNLOCK” commands to your Raspberry Pi via MQTT.

dartCopy codeimport 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'mqtt_service.dart';

void main() {
  runApp(MyApp());
}

class MyApp extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _MyAppState createState() => _MyAppState();
}

class _MyAppState extends State<MyApp> {
  final MQTTService _mqttService = MQTTService();

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    _mqttService.connect();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      home: Scaffold(
        appBar: AppBar(
          title: Text('IoT Lock Control'),
        ),
        body: Center(
          child: Column(
            mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
            children: <Widget>[
              ElevatedButton(
                onPressed: () => _mqttService.publish("lock/control", "LOCK"),
                child: Text('Lock'),
              ),
              ElevatedButton(
                onPressed: () => _mqttService.publish("lock/control", "UNLOCK"),
                child: Text('Unlock'),
              ),
            ],
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

Conclusion

This tutorial has provided a detailed guide for setting up an IoT lock using a Raspberry Pi 5 and controlling it via a Flutter app using MQTT. The Raspberry Pi code handles the lock mechanism and communicates with an MQTT broker to receive commands, while the Flutter app acts as a client, sending lock/unlock commands. By following these steps, you can integrate hardware with mobile applications for IoT solutions.

Safety Note: Always exercise caution when working with electrical components and power supplies to avoid injury or damage.

Final Testing:

• Ensure your Raspberry Pi is properly connected and powered.
• Test the lock and unlock functionality using the Flutter app.
• Verify that the MQTT messages are being sent and received correctly.